Australia's scam prevention framework requires victims to prove an institution failed to meet its anti-fraud obligations in order to secure reimbursement, according to fraud expert Ken Palla.

Palla, a retired director at MUFG Union Bank, said that while clear-cut controls like confirmation of payee are easy to measure, many of the roughly 30 required controls are harder to define when a scammer manipulates a customer into authorizing a transaction, BankInfoSecurity reports.